Im prove me nt in ovens



'UNIT-En PATENT OFF 'J AMES CRAIG, OF CLARINDA,v IONVA Specificationformingpart of LettersPatcntNo. 221,157, dated November 4, 1879;application filed Augnstll, 1879.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that 1,'JAMEs CRAIG, of Clarinda, in the county of Page andState of Iowa, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inOvens; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, andexact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled inthe art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of thisspecification, and in which Figure l is a plan view of my improved ovenwith the roof-plate removed. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section thereof.Fig. 3 is a trans verse section through the line m a: of Fig. l, withthe cover or roof in place. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section takenthrough'the planeindicated byl line y y in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a front orface view, and Fig. 6 is a perspective view, of one of the perforatedwalls which divide the lower parallel flues, showing the arrangement ofthe retarding and deiiecting shields with which said walls are provided.

Corresponding parts in the several figures are denoted by like letters.

This invention relates to certain improvements in ovens, particularlythat class termed bakers ovens 5 and it consists in the arrangement andconstruction of the parts, by which the baking of the bread isfacilitated, fuel economized, and time saved, substantially ashereinafter more fully setforth, and particularly pointed out in theclaims.

In the two sheets of drawings hereto anneXed, A represents the outerbody or casing of the oven, which is preferably of brick. In the lowerpart of the oven are the furnaces a a, which communicate at their rearends with the parallel double flues b b', formed by parallel walls B B,as shown more clearly in Fig. 4 of the drawings. rlhe walls B B, bywhich said ilues b b are formed, are broken through at opposite ends,the openings being provided with a series of deil'ectors,.fm, (see Fig.6,) set at an angle to the line of the wall, which serve the triplepurpose of retarding the passage of the heat from one flue to another,deflecting the flameY and heat into and against the opposite wall of theiiue which it is about to enter, and preventing the escape of sparks andother products of imperfect combustion from the furnaces and nues intothe chimney.

The ilues 1i b open up into the chimney a2 through apertures a a', whichmay be provided with suitably-arranged dampers to regulate the draft.

Arran ged above the furnaces is the main oven or baking-chamber c, inthe rear end of which is a dampered or slide-covered opening, d,connecting with the iue or chimney a2. Arran ged over and in thedirection of the length of the oven or chamber c are four or more, or aless number, of flues, e e e2 e3, to the rear ends of which the heat isadmitted through an opening, f, in the flue a2.

Heat-deflectors g g may be arranged in con nection with the divisionwall or plate of the two middle lines, e e2.

In the top or roof plate h, covering the fines e e c2 e3, at its frontend,'are dampers t' t" i2, for opening and closing the passages betweenthe said ilues, and a central opening, j, leading into the chamber oroven c. These dampers are operated by handles or rods 7c 7c 7a2,extending through the front of the oven A, as shown more clearly in Fig.5 on Sheet 2 of the drawi ings.

Vhen the opening d in chimney a2 is closed, the .heat and flame from thefurnaces, after passing through their respective iiues b b b b' and theapertures a a', will enter the Iiues e e e2 c3, above the baking-chamberc, through the aperturef, which is in that case left open, thuseXpediting the process of baking and giving the oven an even heat aboveand below. When, however, it is desired to lash7 the oven, this canreadily and speadily be effected by simply closing the dampers t and i2,which cover the inlets to fines e e' and e2 e3, respectively, as shownin dotted lines in Fig. 1, but opening i and d, by which the ame isconducted direct from the chimney into the oven or chamber c'.

I am aware that it is not new to construct bakers7 ovens with two setsof communicating iiues arranged, respectively, below and above thebaking-chamber; and I am also aware that such lines have beenconstructed in their relative positions parallel to each other, andcommunicating with each other at opposite ends, so as to cause the heatand products of combustion to pass in a zigzag course to the chimney;nor do I claim such construction, broadly; but

IV hat I claim as my improvement, and desire to secure by Letters Patentof the United States, is

l. The arrangement and combination, with the furnaces a and paralleliiues b b', of the dividing-Walls B B', provided at opposite ends witha. series of vertical deecting-shields, m, substantially as and for thepurpose herein shown and described.

2. The construction and combination, in a bakers oven, ot' the chimneya2, having apertures a df, communicating, respectively, with the llues bb', baking-chamber c, and hot-air iues e c e2 @3,heat-(leecto1s g g',arranged within the central iues, e e2, of said upper seriesvof hot-airfines, c e e2 c, dampers i i2, for closing the openings at the forwardend of each pair of fines e e', e2 e3, and central damper, i', forclosing the central opening, j, which leads down into the baking-chamberc, all constructed and arranged to operate substantially in the mannerand fulthe purpose herein shown and set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto a-fxedmy signature in presence oi' two Witnesses.

JAMES CRAIG.

Vitllesses:

LU B. CAKE, CHAMP BALLARD.

